Is a university in Cairo, Egypt. It is connected to the Al-Azhar Mosque in Islamic Cairo, is Egypt's oldest diploma-granting university and is known as the most prestigious university for Sunni Islamic education. In addition to higher education, Al-Azhar oversees a national network of schools with approximately two million students. As of 1996, more than 4,000 educational institutions in Egypt were affiliated with the university.

Leiden University is a public research university in Leiden, the Netherlands. Founded in 1575 by William, Prince of Orange as a reward to the city of Leiden for its defense against Spanish attacks during the Eighty Years' War, it is the oldest higher education institution in the Netherlands. And 2nd in Europe after Leuven University.

Founded in 1425, the university is the oldest university in Europe. KU Leuven is a research university in the Dutch-speaking city of Leuven in Flanders, Belgium. It provides education, research and services in the natural sciences, engineering, humanities, medicine, law, business and social sciences.